I run, every now and then when things in life get tough

It was a cool November night and there I was running through the smoky populous city of Chelmsford, rows upon rows of cars sped along the narrow concrete roads. Noise from the movement of cars and the odd occasional sound of a horn were to be heard. Among all this chaos and confusion there I was running, running as far away from my troubles as possible. My heart was pounding vigorously against my chest demanding more and more oxygen. Pain was accumulating in the lower part of my legs causing much agony. The only way that I could stop the pain was to stop running but I kept on running. I run, every now and then when things in life get tough. Every stride I take releases more stress and anger in my body. I was now panting, sweat gathered round my chest making my white cotton tee-shirt wet. I could now feel the force of the cool November air as I was making my way down hill. Maybe I shouldn't have lost my temper with my mum. I could remember the scene at home just fifteen minutes ago which made me very angry. † You've got three English essays to do and you are sitting here watching television!† I recall my mum saying. She just came home from a twelve hour shift from the hospital; physically and emotionally she was very exhausted – it's a stressful job being a doctor. Then she found me in the living room watching television – usually she doesn't say anything about that, but when I have three pieces of coursework due, she gets angry. † You have got to take some responsibility of your own,† I recall her uttering. I can still remember her brown weary eyes looking at me and the expression on her face represented someone who was tired and disappointed. Disappointed to find her only child watching television at a time when he really should be catching up with work – to be honest I don't blame her for getting angry. â€Å"Just trust me,† I remember my self pleading, † You know I will do it.† † When will u do it!†, I think my mum said, † I know when you'll do it, you'll do it at the very last minute, you'll stay up till about two o clock in the morning doing it and this will affect the quality of your essays!.† It was getting colder – maybe I should have worn something more instead of my plain white tee-shirt and my rugby shorts. I turned the bend smoothly and now was going through the final two mile stretch. This is usually the hardest part of the race. It depends on the amount of will power I have. This is the stage where the pain intensifies to such an extent that I could hardly feel my shoulders and legs. The only thing that keeps me going is my raw determination, my anger, my will power. â€Å"Mum, God damn it leave me alone!† I remember shouting when she told me to do my work. â€Å"Just go and mind your own business.† I regretted the fact that I shouted. The expression on her face turned to one of utter surprise and disbelief. Her face reddened with anger, â€Å"Why do you think I work so hard?† I remember her saying. â€Å"It's so that you get a chance in life to get educated and make something of your self!† She explained. â€Å"You don't know how hard life is, it's a harsh world out there, if you do not get educated you will probably end up doing a low- paid unskilled labour work, do u want that? This is when I got angry. I hate it when she says that she works just for me! This is when I got upstairs, changed into my training gear and went running! Sweat was dripping from my nose; my breathing was gradually getting heavier, as I ran on the cemented pavement. I was tired, my vision was getting more and more blurry, and all I could see was the headlights of cars as they drove opposite me. There are two different characters in me when I run, one says: â€Å"Come on you fool, what do you want to be a mediocre or the best?, Run, run, and never stop.† I have no trainer to give me encouragement during the hardest part of the race; therefore I have to provide encouragement myself. The other character says: â€Å"Why are your running fool! Why are you going through so much hardship when you could be sitting at home watching television?† There is a constant battle between my two characters when I run. Sometimes my negative character wins and I stop running but in most cases my positive character wins and I finish my race. Just three hundred yards left; this is the part in the race when I increase my speed to such an extent that I loose all my senses in my legs – they go completely numb. The only thing which could keep me going is my determination, my will to succeed and not be a failure. Another two hundred yards; â€Å"Keep running!† I shouted to myself, â€Å"No pain! No pain!† I kept instructing my self – in fact the only thing I could feel was pain. One hundred more yards left: â€Å"You've done it! Come on!† Finally I finished my run -I was outside my house and I was heavily breathing and sweating. Throughout the whole race all I suffered was pain and anguish- there was times when I thought I was going to stop. However I endeavoured to accomplish the goal I had set for myself. Now all I could feel was complete satisfaction. Maybe, if I set the same attitude towards school work and if I finish tasks in time I would be feeling the same level of satisfaction as I am feeling now. I looked up and saw my mother standing in front of me. â€Å"Released all your anger have you?† she asked with a smile on her face. â€Å"Yes, I'm calm now!† I replied. â€Å"Come on then, I'll make you a cup of tea and then you can get started on your essays!† It's bizarre how the whole atmosphere changes after a four mile run.

Themes presented in Act 1-Measure for Measure

A theme becoming noticeably present throughout Act 1 is that of religion, possibly part of the larger them of morality. The Duke, Scene 1 line 70, speaks of being greeted by ‘aves vehement'. The word ‘Ave' in Latin means ‘Hail' and is often associated with prayer, particularly to the Virgin Mary (a figure prominent in Catholicism). This suggests that the public in Vienna see the Duke as a saviour and a figure to be worshipped. At the time of its original performance this would have conveyed to the audience the prominence and power of the Duke in Vienna. However, the Duke says this greeting is good he does not ‘relish' it, showing the audience possibly that the Duke is not arrogant and does not wish to be a replacement for someone's faith; it perhaps allows the audience to hold a respect for the Duke from the beginning of the play. In scene 2, the references to religion continue with Lucio speaking of ‘the sanctimonious pirate that went out to sea with the ten commandments, but scraped one off the table'. This suggests a corruption of religion and its associated beliefs, which may foreshadow other themes coming later in the play-those of right and wrong, particularly when interpreting laws on prostitution and the confusion about marriage (should it be based on good faith or a legal ceremony). The pirate reference, particularly to the original audience, may have suggested that personal interpretations and sinister dealings were going to occur in the performance. Both the reference to the pirate and ‘aves' could show how Shakespeare is presenting a ‘problem play'. They raise the question of how religion should be carried out and how it can creep too far into everyday behaviour, until people begin to make powerful/adored figures idols and interpret religious teachings to suit their own behaviour. Scene 3, in the monastery, has two intertwining themes running through it-those of power and religion. The audience is presented with two powerful figures in their own right, one powerful due to his allegiance to God and perhaps less powerful in the workings of society and the other powerful due to his position in society and perceived almost as a ‘God' by his people. A silent power struggle appears to be occurring in the scene, not power for power's sake, but in order to earn the respect of the other. Throughout, the Duke appears to be justifying his argument in order to make it sound less corrupted and more favourable in the eyes of the friar. This comes across in his greetings of ‘Holy father' and ‘holy sir' and flattery ‘none knows better than you'. The friar speaks politely to the Duke ‘Gladly, my lord'. There is some sense of balance or equality in this scene, as ordinarily the Duke would be seen to be more powerful, due to his reign on the justice system however, he knows that the only person who can help him is the friar and the friar has the weapon of being aware of why the Duke has disappeared. Justice and morality are two another themes running throughout Act 1. The main plot line of Claudio being sentenced is at the centre of these themes. At the time of the first performance, brothels were widely apparent and many powerful figures were known for making use of their services. This is made clear to the audience, with the scene set in a brothel and the comic references to sexual diseases and the portrayal of the brothel as an industry. This should show the audience that it was widely accepted that these places were a part of society, making Claudio's actions seem less severe. He talks of Julietta being ‘fast my wife', apart from the legal proceedings so the fact he is being punished for this action and others are getting away with prostitution seems even more immoral, it raises the question of whether Claudio's actions are worse than the other male characters despite him being faithful to one woman. This is open to interpretation by the actors, however, they may choos e to play Claudio's speech with comedy, to make it sound like a feeble excuse for his actions rather than a legitimate plea for justice, which could make it seem as though justice is being done. Again a sense of corruption is presented, this time in politics. The Duke, who has fled unexpectedly, has let the law be ignored for a number of years yet Claudio is being punished under it. This suggests the laws can be manipulated to suit the leader. This is similar to the corruption of religion mentioned earlier when the pirate changed the ten commandments to suit his lifestyle and ideals at the time.

The Cost and Reimburstements of Medicare Research Paper

The Cost and Reimburstements of Medicare - Research Paper Example This study focuses on cost and reimbursement of Medicare as well as challenges facing the program. Medicare services can be provided to the beneficiaries either through traditional fee-for-service (FFS) program or private health plans such as Medicare Advantage (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). Whereas clients can be served in any hospital and by any doctor under FFS those using Medicare Advantage should be treated by providers in a network or pay extra charges for treatments received from out-of network providers (Mason et al., 2013). The program is available in four parts namely Part A, B, C and D. "Medicare covers Hospital Insurance (part A), Medical Insurance (part B), Prescription Drugs (part C) and Medicare Advantage" (part D) (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). Clients who apply for part C receives various benefits offered in other parts. Currently, some people prefer Medicare Advantage because it offers extra services in addition to those provided under FFS. Part A of the Medicare is financed through payroll tax charged on employees and the employers whereby each contributes 1.45% to make a total of 2.9% while for self employed persons they contribute full 2.9% since they are both employees and employers (Mason et al., 2013). Part C and D are financed by premiums contributed by enrollees of the Medicare and revenue from the general fund. Medicare in partnership with local insurance companies pay compensation to claims presented each year by the Medicare beneficiaries (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2008). The Medicare uses various methods to compensate the medical service providers for the services they offer to their clients covered by health insurance. For example, Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced Accounting Care Organization model to harmonize medical service delivery among the service providers by enabling them to coordinate their service delivery to reduce expenses, improve quality and outcome of the

Is Ham correct that connection between science and naturalism is Thesis - 1

Is Ham correct that connection between science and naturalism is arbitrary - Thesis Example These clearly distinguish it from the philosophy of super natural which is of course purely based on belief and theories that can not be tested, argued or experimented. In science, there is need for carrying out observations because it plays a very significant role in providing information that can be verified. Through observation, scientists can be able to gather information after personally making an attempt of seeing for themselves exactly what happens. In my opinion, may be it is for this reason that H’m it is for this reason that science does not encompass the elements of the supernatural because the criterion of observation does not apply in the super natural in which people do not need to make observations. The other important component of science is experimentation. In the process of acquisition of scientific knowledge, experimentation can be conducted. This is done by carrying out scientific studies in the laboratory based on the theories and hypotheses for that particular research. Whenever doing this, a scientist should be ready to be impartial and committed to the studies. If properly done, a more profound and verifiable results will be produced. These can be relied upon by the scientist as a source of information. However, as already highlighted, science still remain a subject that requires consent. This may be applicable in the natural law, but contradicts the law of super natural that dictates that everything is owed to a supernatural creature whose existence and performance can not be subjected to any form of experimentation since it is not necessarily needed. Nonetheless, scientific knowledge is defined by prediction. It is the act of prediction that compels scientists to carry out studies to ascertain exact values and figures so as to arrive at accurate and conclusive findings. So, because of this, there needs to be a formulation of hypotheses that are used to

Individual Determinants of Health A 600-word individual writing piece Essay

Individual Determinants of Health A 600-word individual writing piece - Essay Example This stressed behaviour would also prove to be a challenge because it might prompt him to be reckless in his behaviour – wanting to find a shorter and faster way to recover from his injuries so that he can get back to work and take care of his family. Reckless behaviour may include attempting to speed up the rehabilitative process and gaining independence in the conduct of his daily activities – even if he cannot function independently as yet. This would put him at risk for further injuries like falls. I also believe that Tom’s depression would prove to be a great challenge for me as a human services professional. The rehabilitative and recovery process requires a strong will and determination in most patients. Although Tom is obviously worried about his family, he also displays depressed and sad behaviour. His situation and the fact that he is unable to support his family is a source of depression for him. He feels incapacitated by his condition and these conditions will further slow his recovery. His depression would make him feel like he is useless to his family and would drain him of energy and fighting spirit. His lack of social interaction with his friends due to his limited mobility would certainly not give him strength and motivation to help himself recover from his injury. I would prevent Tom’s stressed behaviour from impacting on me working effectively with him by meeting with his family and to let them know about Tom’s worries. I would also coordinate with his work employers and seek some reassurances from them about Tom’s work and how his family can be assisted while Tom is not working. By taking away his worries about his family, he would be able to free his mind and just concentrate on the rehabilitative and recovery process. It would make him less anxious and less stressed about his life and consequently would allow his full concentration and cooperation

Commpensation and Benefits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commpensation and Benefits - Essay Example Employees should be allowed to join unions while a security of tenure should be provided to all full-time employees. Proposed compensation and benefits of Wal-Mart Introduction Wal-Mart is one of the organizations among the largest employers in North America. Wal-Mart business operations have increased rapidly compared with similar organizations. Although Wal-Mart offers its employees with various benefits and compensations like â€Å"health plan benefits†, â€Å"profit sharing plans† and â€Å" stock purchase plan†, there are certain challenges facing the organization since compensation procedures have not addressed the numerous employee complains (Wal-Mart Watch, 2007). A recent case happened in Oklahoma in 2007 when employees complained of compensation policies that included â€Å"cutting hours† and not hiring the employees in designations where they have proved competent and skilled (Wal-Mart Watch, 2007). The employees also complained that a number of them had been fired without any apparent reason. The above reasons are just some of the challenges which Wal-Mart employees. The employees are currently unsatisfied thus lowering their work productivity in the organization. The management should establish compensation and benefit policies that maximize employee productivity and motivation in the organization (Wall Mart, 2008). ... Wal-Mart contributes 2 percent of all eligible Associate’s annual salary or wages to the 401 (k) Plan after a one year waiting periods. Wal-Mart also contributes about 2 percent of each eligible Associate’s wages to the profit sharing plan provided they have worked in the company for at least 12 months. In the stock purchase plan, the company contributes only 15 cents for each dollar of the company stock purchased by the employees through deductions in the payroll up to $ 1,800 of stock purchases in each plan year (Wall Mart, 2008). Wal-Mart compensation and benefits policies are inadequate since the company has engaged in â€Å"cutting hours† and employees are not hired in designations where they are talented. The company has also fired numerous employees without any apparent reason and explanation. Employee work motivation and productivity has declined thus leading to poor job performance and total productivity of the organization. Wal-Mart Stores Inc which is the largest private employer in North America has been accused of scaling down the health benefits offered to part-time employees and increasing the premiums deducted from most of the full-time employees’ salaries. Wal-Mart has engaged in cost cutting measures to offset the slowdown in consumer spending which has affected the company revenues in the last few years (Wal-Mart Watch, 2007). The company has reversed the eligibility of part-time workers by requiring them to cover their children healthcare and reduced the co-payments for prescription drugs. Wal-Mart has denied most of its employees from working full-time thus reducing the health care benefits to the employees. The company has also been accused of discriminative working policies against women and employees from minority

Environmental Leaders and Laggards in the European Union Essay

Environmental Leaders and Laggards in the European Union - Essay Example Moreover, the author also argued that the problem took place due to shortage in the administrative capacities for effectually implementing EU based environmental policies. It has been viewed in the article that the southern member provinces of EU did not possess adequate technical know-how, potential working staffs and well-structured infrastructures for applying as well as enforcing EU environmental based legislative policies. The author suggested that the southern member provinces belonging to EU should implement environmental policies competently for the purpose of developing their financial progression, increasing economic interests and most significantly generating employment. The effective execution of the EU environmental schemes or policies would ultimately promote the economic advancement of the different southern member provinces belonging to EU as well as enhance their environmental quality level by a greater extent. The author identified a significant reason which eventua lly restricted the southern member provinces of EU to implement EU environmental based policies effectively. The significant reason was that the southern member provinces belonging to EU possessed the political systems which were conventionally dominated by clientelism, disrespect and patronage for the public authority. On the basis of the article, the author argued that there lays significant disparities in meeting with the EU environmental laws throughout the different European member provinces which cannot be escorted.

The Function of Management Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Function of Management Planning - Essay Example Within this organization, the planning involved selecting enterprise goals and department objectives than finding ways of achieving them. Plans depended upon the existence of alternatives, and then decisions had to be made regarding what to do, how to do it, when to do it and by whom it is to be done. Author Anderson has a responsibility to meet society's expectations in three concentric circles of responsibility (Arthur Andersen, 2007). The inner circle includes the business's clear economic responsibilities such as quality and safety and the provision of jobs and services. The intermediate circle expands the responsibility of businesses to make their policies and practices consistent with societal values in such matters as fair employment practices and a benign environmental impact (Accounting Industry, n.d.). The nature of ethical standards is one of the key issues to be addressed by personnel managers operating in a large corporation. There will gradually be a growing together of national practice on working hours, but it will take a lot longer for rates of pay to harmonies. Arthur Anderson adopts CSR because some moral justification comes from a value system that is independent of the business itself and where individual opinion can be sharply divided. SCR implies that employees at work should be honest and that claims about a product or service should be accurate. Ethical issues are corporate behavior and fair competition. In order to meet these objectives, Arthur Anderson uses systematic planning. Fair competition is achieved by adoption of specific ethical rules which guides management and marketing policies. Risk and uncertainty are minimized by planning and this is needed more today than before as social and economic conditions alter very quickly and careful planning enables an organization to prepare for change. Planning helps Arthur Anderson to define its purposes and activities according to fair competition rules. It enables performance standards t o be set and results can, therefore, be compared with the standard to enable managers to see how the organization is proceeding towards its goals. Planning is flexible to deal with a changing environment. Corporate behavior means that employees follow established norms combining their own judgment with the benefits of the corporation. In this case, the ethical responsibility of Arthur Anderson is to analyze social conditions and possible threats of their services for potential consumers. They should be well aware of the educational background of their customers and their expectations (Corporate Social Responsibility, 2007). Social responsibility translates into expectations that businesses comply with the spirit of society's laws and with the normative base that undergirds them. The social responsibility issues followed by Author Anderson are the attitude of management to labor and fair reward and use of shareholders capital. The attitude of management to labor is achieved through f air payment schemes and healthy corporate climate, training programs and promotion activities. Arthur Anderson provides additional training focusing on employee's motivation and work design programs to help worker identify their goal and professional development strategies.  

Strategic Alliance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Strategic Alliance - Assignment Example In strategic alliance, there is less involvement and it is temporary in nature which is unlike joint venture, for example, the strategic alliance between United Airlines and British airlines in 1988. This was done for regaining the lost market share and within a year the focus of the market shifter and the agreement of strategic alliance terminated. In alliances, two companies pool in their resources for creating their separate business entity. The companies are able to gain new opportunity though; they still hold and maintain their autonomy. This alliance will help the company in developing a more effective process, expanding in the new market and also gain competitive advantage in the market (Dumela 2004). In strategic alliances the company do not form their separate entity rather collaborate their actions even though they remain apart and distinct. In the following paper, the main focus has been on explaining the major problems that are encountered by the companies at time off the ir alliance. Along with this, it will also highlight the importance of selecting effective partner in alliance. The paper will give in-depth information about the problems of alliances with the aid of examples. Reasons for Alliance The major reason, for which the companies sought to enter strategic alliance is for enhancing their organisational capabilities and gain a competitively advantageous position in the market. For this purpose, the companies are continuously undertaking actions for gaining access in the new markets. The companies also aim at maximising their profit levels by using the modern technologies and optimally utilising the available resources. The major reason why the companies make attempts for developing strategic alliance is when the companies do not find it feasible to create the potential resource internally (Glover and Wasserman 2003). Strategic alliances are used for entering into new markets, reducing the manufacturing costs, developing and diffusing new tec hnology, accelerate product introduction and overcome legal and trade barriers. Types of alliances While undertaking strategic alliance it is important that the companies take into account the level of interactions they want with their strategic alliance partners. Further it is also important that the potential for conflict that arise out of being competitors in the market is also paid due attention (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson 2008). As per the values of dimensions whether high or low there are four types of strategic alliances that are formed. Following are the four types of strategic alliance: Precompetitive alliance: This type of strategic alliances takes place in inter-industries and such companies which have vertical value relations. These alliances are formed for benefitting the providing benefits to the vertical members of the supply chain. In such alliance supplier and buyer enter into long term contracts for smoother functioning of the companies (Hill and Jones 2009). Non -competitive alliances: These alliances are formed between intra-industry and such forms are non competitive in nature. By entering into alliances these companies help the firms in permitting them to operate in the same industry but should not consider each other as rivals (Hill and Jones 2009). Competitive alliances: Under this partnership, two rival firm aim at working together in a cooperative arrangement. In such situations, intense interactions

Strengths and Limitations of Two Different Kinds of Biography Essay

Strengths and Limitations of Two Different Kinds of Biography - Essay Example The greatest strengths of both works is that the biographers eminently achieve their goals. Southey's eulogy is an artistic success because it never descends into the depths of hagiography. As a "faithful historian" the biographer feels "called upon to pronounce a severe and unqualified condemnation of Nelson's conduct, in " the only blot upon his public character"-his "infatuated attachment" to Lady Hamilton and his summary denial of justice to Prince Francesco Caraccioli, under the influence of that "baneful passion." [He doesn't let the admiration for his subject deter him from pronouncing a "severe and unqualified condemnation" of Nelson's infatuated attachment to Lady Hamilton.] This fairness, regarding a fact in the public domain, actually assists in the fulfillment of Southey's aim of fashioning the eulogy. So there is little [no] reason to question the truth of the narrative, which is to [cause] evoke public admiration and praise of England's national hero. True, some episodes have been considered exaggerated (notably, the encounter with the polar bear), but Nelson 's prestige is still strong even in the twenty-first century. {Clarity and Focus: But the narrative has been questions.

Compare and contrast between public and private education Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast between public and private education Essay Since 1983 public education has been an issue in America. The system has been constantly changing every year with reforms. This constant change has been driven by the American people’s perception that education has declined and something should be done about it. First there was an increased emphasis on basic skills, making school years longer and more graduation requirements. Second, many began focusing on increasing teachers professionalism. Third, they began restructuring many things such as how the schools were organized and how the school day was structured etc. Now today the most of the American people believe that not enough money is given to public schooling. They associate academic improvement with the money the school is funded. But I believe otherwise. Spending more on education will not improve academic success but diverse teaching methods will. Public education funding is at an all time high in America. There is no problem with the funding for schools. There is more of a problem on how the money is distributed. To truly understand the problems of education in America,The United States prides itself on its public education system making it a core value of many families. The level of education a person has will influence their career achievements. Americans expect their public system of education to provide a solid curriculum. Most of the people in the United States place their trust in the public school system in which they support through taxes. This trust although is contradicted by the public system of education’s current shape. Much of the schools in the United States are either deteriorating, or failing all together. The drawbacks of public education create an unhealthy environment for student learning. Many people think public school can dip their hands into the public treasury for funding if they are ever in need of money; however many schools do not qualify to get these funds. â€Å"The disparate funding for public schools and between states and within metropolitan areas has turned some public schools into meccas for affluent students and others into decaying infrastructures with overcrowded classrooms and soaring drop-out rates† (

Advertisement Is a Legalised Form of Lying Essay Example for Free

Advertisement Is a Legalised Form of Lying Essay Necessity is the mother of invention is an oft-quoted saying. But now-a-days the reverse of it is more true. In modern business, invention is mother of necessityIn this age of machinery, newthings are produced everyday. Market is created for these things through advertisementBusinessmen advertise their goods in various ways and thus spread a knowledge of their goodsamong the customers. It is through advertisement that people begin to feel a need for even those goods of whichthey had never heard before. Advertisement creates demand. it is the backbone of commerce and Industry. No business can stay in the business world without advertisement. A successful businessman is one who snatches away money from even the most miserly and reluctant customer. Thus, the business world rotates on the pivot of advertisement. As the world is progressing, so the means of advertisement are also increasing. We allknow that big posters are pasted on the walls, and handbills are distributed to advance the sale of goods. Walls are painted and big signboards are displayed on crossings and prominent places toserve this purpose. In a cinema hall, first of all we see the advertisement slides. A major part of thedaily newspapers is full of advertisement. Situations Vacant, Tender Notice, Educational, Lostand Found, Matrimonial, cinema advertisements, and advertisements of so many other commodities are regular features of all newspapers. Radio and Television also are being used asmeans of commercial advertisement. A good advertisement must have certain qualities. First, it should be based on human- psychology. A thing meant for ladies, should be advertised in such a way that they are attractedtowards it. If men are to be customers, then it should appeal to their tastes. Goods for differentincome groups should be advertised, taking into consideration their purchasing power. A motor car is a thing for the rich. Its advertisement must be touch the mentality of the rich. Usha SewingMachine should be advertised in such a way that the family man, with ordinary income, may feelthe economic advantages of the investment of his money on it. Secondly, advertisements should be attractive. This is very essential. People look towardsan advertisement only if it is eye-catching. Good, interesting pictures are very effective form this point of view. We all know about Sanforised cloth. The advertisements to show that quality of the cloth display a man wearing a suit of non-sanforized cloth. He appears funny and uncomfortable ashis suit has gone out of fit by washing. Another man is shown wearing a suit of Sanforised cloth. How smart and active he appears. We immediately learn that Sanforised cloth is best because itdoes not shrink. So a good advertisement must be interesting, attractive and eye-catching. But proper sanctity must be maintained and unnecessary exposure must be avoided. It must also befrequently repeated, otherwise people forget all about the goods advertised. do not like to waste their time on things which do not concern them. So to be successful,advertisement must be brief. Long descriptive stories or certificates of praise about certain thing donot make good advertisement. This is an important point in advertising and a good advertiser mustkeep it in mind. Advertisements are not concerned with the good or bad quality of goods. Even the mostinjurious goods are advertised these days. Advertisements of undesirable drugs and medicines andindecent literature, so common. They simply cheat the public. So we should be careful while purchasing an advertised article. We should use our own mind, instead of blindly following theadvice of the advertisement. In our country, the art of advertising is in its infancy. in progressive countries, likeAmerica, big business concerns have specialists and experts for this purpose. They spend hugeamounts of money on advertisement. But it is not so in our country. Some businessmen consider their products to be very superior. They think advertisement unnecessary. This is undesirable. Toget success in business every big or small business-concern must make effective us of art of advertising goods. To run a business without its aid is not possible in the modern age. â€Å"the advertisement for the body-spray, Impulse. The whole idea of a man absorbed in hisdaily routine being suddenly roused out of it by a whiff of Impulse and then going through a seriesof impulsive actions to compliment the lady wearing it, is romantic and endearing to most women. This combined with the light, tinkling piano accompaniment and soft-focus filming makes theadvertisement an attractive one. Then we have the newspaper and magazine advertisements, invibrant color, interesting graphics and witty slogans. Take a look at most cosmetic advertisementslike Maybelline or Cover girl, where the page is attractively splashed with the newest colors themanufacturer has come up with a pretty, lively girl caught in mid-laughter. Therefore, advertisements today are generally interesting due to the visual and sound effects made possible yadvanced technology in the various mediums of print, sound and film, and a little imagination,especially when rival companies try their best to attract consumers and so try to advertise better. Are they useless? Not necessarily. In many ways advertisements help to keep the cost of most publications low so that we can afford them quite easily. This applies in the case of our dailynewspaper â€Å"The Straits Times†, the Sunday â€Å"Asia Magazine†, the popular â€Å"Readers Digest† andespecially the publication we are all familiar with, our respective school magazines. Theadvertisers pay to advertise and this payment subsidizes publishing cost so that we pay less thanwhat we might otherwise have to pay. Advertisements also help to ease our boredom sometimes. How many times have people been roused out of a bored stupor once they see an interestingadvertisement on a billboard or bus or when lazily flicking through a magazine? Also,advertisements either interesting or otherwise, especially of otherwise, do promote conversationamong friends when they discuss them, how an advertisement is so silly, or another is unusual andimaginative and yet another is introducing an interesting and attractive product which might beworth buying. This then brings us to the last point. Are advertisements misleading? One of their uses is that they inform us as to what is available on the market, but is this informationwholly true? Their main function is to attract buyers so naturally, only certain details regarding a product are highlighted while others are not provided at all. We are made to believe that a productis long-lasting, worthwhile, multi-purpose and bound to give us that happiness we cannot findelsewhere. Perfume advertisements promise to bring the opposite sex falling at one’s feet,dictionary and encyclopedia advertisements promise to give us all the wisdom and knowledge inthe world, cosmetic advertisement for â€Å"Ponderosa Steak Salad Restaurant† promises juicy andtender steak and delicious salad. I have eaten there and found the steak to be of very low quality,for a very high price, but the salad was everything the advertisement led me to believe. conclusion:So in conclusion, I would say that modernAdvertisements are boring, unless and oftenmisleading. †

Some Issues Of Governance In Pakistan Economics Essay

Some Issues Of Governance In Pakistan Economics Essay Good governance is regarded as development agenda in Pakistan by each government while the public see governance as the major indicator for sustainable development. In this premise, good governance is known as one of the most decisive factor for thriving accomplishment of the strategic thrust, policies and programs. It is as an exercise of authority to manage a countrys affair at all levels to improve the quality of life of the people. It is a continuous process where divergent opinions and desires are satisfied through compromise and tolerance in a spirit of cooperative action for the mutual benefit of the larger whole.  [1]  According to World Bank and UNDP, governance has three dimensions; the political regime, the systems and procedures for exercising authority and the capacity of governments.  [2]  This paper discusses the underlying causes of weak governance and interaction between state institutions and citizens in Pakistan along with suggesting some policy options as minimum action needed for improvement. It is widely acknowledged by the academia that the state-machinery of government has contributed to the present state of affairs. Further, the federally-managed resources are obstacles for provinces to obtain the best value for money. Sincere civil servants are frustrated with cost ineffective systems and procedures; the general public is faced with an irresponsive and non accountable political and bureaucratic system while the entrepreneur is witnessed with a set of contradictory policies which further hinder his business. Briefly, both federation and provinces of Pakistan must bring about drastic changes to achieve economic growth and to improve the quality of life of its people. Conceptual Framework of Good Governance The term good governance is coined by the World Bank and its foundations rest on the principles of freedom, equality, justice and accountability. Philosophical literature and religious texts are full with the definitions and examples of both good and bad governance. The traces of good governance can be found in history which reports the downfall of nations due to bad governance and also gives lessons that how nations have risen to great heights because of good governance. At the moment, the concept of governance has been evolving from some narrow definition used by the World Bank as the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a countrys economic and social resources to the broader definition adopted by the Commission on Global Governance as the sum of the many ways in which individuals and institutions, public and private, manage their common affairs.  [3]   Good Governance in the context of Pakistan, go beyond good politics. In Pakistan good governance must enable all the stakeholders to enhance economic growth, social development and a mechanism to sustain growth in the future. This can be achieved through civil services reforms, capacity building of institutions, improving and devolution of fiscal administration, increasing the role of the private sector and controlling unproductive public expenditures. All of these fall within four broad areas, namely, legislative framework, institutional capacity, efficiency and management.  [4]  Legislative framework is set of boundaries within which institutions, agencies and agents can operate and therefore addresses issues related to devolution, discretion and accountability. Institutional capacity identifies the ability of institutions, agencies and agents to identify policies ensure coherence and coordination and ensure compliance. While the efficiency addresses issues of resource generati on, expenditure planning, expenditure controls regulation and overall public administration to ensure the most effective use of resources. The last but not the least is management which addresses issues related to the proper use of systems and procedures and the mechanisms used for the development of the infrastructure and the delivery of services by ensuring that there is an equitable and transparent access to goods and services and protection of public interest from private intrusion. Legislative Framework Legislative issues are important and need to be addressed. Although constitution of Pakistan draws responsibilities between various tiers of government yet there are some areas where no clear-cut allocation of responsibilities is specified. Further, this lack of clarity creates fragments between the functions of various tiers of government and the services which should be delivered by the provincial governments are yet delivered by the centre. This change has not yet been brought in the future programmes. It requires designing of new mechanism for attaining this very objective. One of such mechanism is employing Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) in making communities aware of their rights and responsibilities. They have been developed to some extent but are largely working as case studies. However, this role needs to be extended. There are also concerns about the legislations that it is passed without adequate drafting skills. Furthermore, some built-in provisions and powers to s et aside any mandatory requirement are more often used. These provisions are related with extreme cases of hardship but history is full of the examples where these provisions have been exploited for personal gains. In addition, discretionary quotas provide benefits to the few. These steps result in inefficient public institutions and further pave the way for corruption. In this outline, discretionary quotas followed by discretionary power should be the removed as a first objective. Institutional Capacity-building Although legislation is necessary for an efficient and transparent allocation of responsibilities yet without the corresponding capacity, no change may be forthcoming.  [5]  Contrary to it, government institutions are facing huge number of shortcomings. Coherent and coordinated policies are absent in public institutions while the current systems and procedures are outdated.  [6]  Although the mechanisms to ensure coordination do exist yet are not implemented. Further there is permanent hindrance in routine management while the existing staff is also inadequately trained.  [7]  All of these issues can be eliminated through capacity-building of institutions. There is an immense need of decentralization of functions which means that financial powers and administrative authority should be given to the lowest tier of government. But decentralization is not a cure-all for resolving Pakistans continuing crisis of governance. It has the potential of decreasing the distance between citizens and the state and thus enabling the government to be more responsive to local needs.  [8]  Simple transfer of power from centre to region in decentralization will fail to empower the people, and intensify the crisis of governance to new levels.  [9]   An irresponsive civil service needs reforms to make the civil servants answerable for their actions. History of Pakistan has only witnessed a notable reform in 1973. Apparently, it was a measure designed to enhance the professional quality of the cadre but it became a powerful means of political influence. The current inefficient and corrupt needs to be weeded out and staff skills need to be developed to use modern management techniques.  [10]  Simple attendance at courses operated by civil service training institutions does not constitute training. Civil servants must be required to show absorption of training skills by results in tests and examination, and this process should be very frequent. Efficiency There are number of ways to achieve efficiency. The use of appropriate mechanisms ensures the greatest value for money and this can be one way out. Further, pro-active legislation and use of information can ensure target-based management. The use of information technology through the development and implementation of standardized procedures could also become the cornerstone for change. While private sector participation can overcome a number of shortcomings in the development of infrastructure but this would result in excessive rents accruing only to the few agents.  [11]  The legislative framework establishes the boundaries within which the public-private partnership can take place. However, these laws will need to be translated into a workable and transparent regulatory framework. Most of the existing institutions are manned largely by staff without the knowledge and understanding needed to adapt to a rapidly changing operating environment. The international environment is in favor of the industrialized nations hence Pakistan needs to adopt a strategy which has been shown to be successful by the newly emerging industrial states, that is, the induction of the private sector from inception to implementation. In other words, Pakistan must include the private sector in all facets of dealing with the international community starting with preparation of position papers and underlying research, to actually negotiating access and, the subsequent supervision and management of the accord. Moreover, the general complaint with respect to Pakistans exports has been the absence of quality control. The private sector must ensure that this becomes a necessary condition for export. Towards this end, trade associations should be encouraged to establish and operate training centers and central quality control facilities, set standards which are mandatory, and establish a system of penalizing violators. Management Management can be divided into three broad categories; economic management, fiscal administration and expenditure management.  [12]  Economic management means efficient allocation of resources to ensure wide spread and equitable economic and social development of a nation. It is the basic responsibility of any government and this can only be achieved through good governance. Unfortunately, this has been a dream for not only the policy makers of Pakistan, but also of its people. Fiscal administration is another need of hour in Pakistan. Breakdown in economic governance results from the failure of governments to institute a progressive taxation structure. Today taxes are imposed on and collected from the poor. Large segments of civil society, particularly the rich remain inadequately taxed. Also there is exemption of tax on agricultural incomes and capital gains and the taxation structure creates inefficiency in the economies. Fiscal policy of Pakistan shows excess of tax holidays, exemptions and grants without an independent audit of assessment by outside agencies. A fundamental problem, however, is that the tax base remains narrow and a large proportion of direct taxes are collected as deductions at the source. Much of these shortcomings of tax administration can be reformed through broad systemic changes undertaken at all levels. The effectiveness of the change will depend on political support. The establishment of independent and autonomous Revenue Authorities with a market based pay structure with built-in rewards and penalties should be considered as the most viable vehicle for reform. Expenditure management is another important issue as planning and budgeting systems are deficient in Pakistan. This reduces transparency and accountability in the process of allocation and expenditure. Consultation in matters of taxation with vested interest groups has always existed but there is little external input in making the budget. Expenditure requests are not scrutinized by legislators and budgets are framed without a consistent macroeconomic framework. Medium to long-term expenditure plans are not prepared, neither are such frameworks established which results is no link between the composition of expenditures and the financing of the deficit to major economic parameters, such as growth and prices. Therefore, it erodes efficient allocation and effective management of the macro economy. End Result Corruption Mis-governance leads and breeds corruption in a number of ways, through bribery and extortion, nepotism, and fraud and embezzlement. It reduces the efficiency on which an economy depends, and by increasing the cost of investment, lowers the potential return. It also reduces the governments resources and hence its capacity for investment. Corruption in Pakistan is not a unique phenomenon. It occurs up stream and has wings which encourage flight of capital. Corruption has had adverse effects on human development and as Pakistan faces a scarcity of resources, it is unable to set up and enforce an effective legal framework to eradicate the corruption. According to Robert Klitgaard, who first devised the equation of corruption in 1988, corruption is a function of monopoly power, discretion, lack of accountability and low government salaries.  [13]   Corruption = f (Monopoly power, discretion, accountability, low government salaries) The combination of monopoly power and discretion alone is a disastrous combination. When linked to the absence of accountability and low legal earnings they become more than just lethal. One obvious mechanism to eliminate corruption would be to review legislation which helps breed corruption, such as through creating monopoly power, permitting discretion without checks and balances, places authority without responsibility. Parallel to this should be an effort to reform the judicial system generally. Another mechanism would be to introduce legislation which is effectively implemented through an impartial and independent authority. Corresponding changes in the laws of evidence and trial should allow for flexibility in procedures and rigour of evidence. The legislation alone is insufficient for eradication of corruption. At the same time the strength and independence of the judiciary must be secured. In summary, the action needed to eliminate corruption should include accountability from the top, setting up of national anti-corruption commissions and exclusive corruption courts, ending of unnecessary discretionary laws and ensuring transparency. Conclusion To ensure sustainable and equitable development the government must realize its role in economic development. This can only be achieved best through a realization that such a positive role requires not an expansion in the scale of government activity, but an increase in its effectiveness and a major reallocation of its resources. Poor governance is now recognizable. There is a failure to establish a framework of law and government behavior conduces to development, with a tendency to divert public resources for private gain. No arbitrariness in the application of rules and laws with excessively narrowly based decision making mechanisms only exacerbate the problem. Further the development in Pakistan can be achieved through political stability, stable macroeconomic environment, the outward-looking trade strategies, the quality of primary education, effective land reforms, credit reforms, a merit based efficient and competent bureaucracy, well-functioning institutions and development of core areas of comparative advantage. In sum, governance is a continuum; it does not automatically improve over time. Citizens need to demand good governance. Their ability to do so is only enhanced by awareness, education, and employment opportunities. The Government of Pakistan needs to be responsive to those demands. For change to be effective it must be embedded in the societies concerned and cannot be imposed from the outside. Notes

Death and Freedom in Sorrows of a Young Werther and Crime and Punishmen

Death and Freedom in Sorrows of a Young Werther and Crime and Punishment The relationship between death and freedom is a common thread throughout Sorrows of a Young Werther by Goethe and Crime and Punishment by Dostoevsky. The relationship illustrated in both works is that one cannot achieve true freedom until they are dead. Until death, Werther and Raskolnikov will always feel the restrictions that society places upon them. Werther feels restricted due to the unrequited love of Lotte and Raskolnikov feels restricted by the moral code that society establishes. In Sorrows of a Young Werther by Goethe and Crime and Punishment by Dostoevsky both characters’ exhibit their freedom through death. In Sorrows of a Young Werther, Werther views suicide as a human right and the ultimate expression of one’s power. Death representing freedom is evident in Weather’s suicide because he feels that he cannot go on living in such torment. The only way to free him from this torment is to kill himself. In Crime and Punishment death representing freedom is evident in Raskolnikov’s justification for the pawnbroker’s murder. He justifies the murder first through it’s circumstances. When Raskolnikov discovers that Lizaveta will be out of the house at seven, he views this information as a sign that the murder must be committed, â€Å"all liberty of action and free-will were gone.† Next Raskolnikov claims that the pawnbroker deserved to die and it was his duty to rid society of â€Å"the wretched li...

A Capitalist Economy vs Socialist Economy Essay -- Capitalist Economic

A Capitalist Economy vs Socialist Economy There are a variety of economic systems today, which can influence how prosperous we will be as individuals or as a group. Socialism is an economic system where the government will be greatly involved in the economy. In a socialist economy the government can control many industries, provide public institutions such as health care and education, and equalize incomes of the population. A socialist economy is one of low unemployment and stability, where the government sets production quotas and price regulation upon their perception of the needs of the economy. On the other hand, a capitalistic economy is an economic system where there is a very limited amount of government involvement. The capitalistic economy is based on the demand of consumers and the supply of producers. There is a great advantage of living in a nation where there is a low amount of government intervention in the economy, because government intervention reduces the freedom of markets, causes a slow growing economy, and exploits the consumers in the economy. Firstly, high government intervention reduces the freedom of the markets. When the government controls an economy, the population is taxed in order to fund national programs. Taxing the consumers of the economy will reduce the personal spending, therefore causing the economy to grow in areas of public service such as education and health care instead of technology and fashion. Furthermore, the industries in a social economy are directed by quotas, which is production targets set by the government. The quotas don’t often represent the need in the economy, therefore causing a surplus or a deficit of products, which leads to small profits.... ...ions placed on industries in a social economy will affect the price, variety, and quality of products produced in their economy. In conclusion, there is a great advantage of living in a nation where there is a low amount of government intervention in the economy, because government intervention reduces the freedom of markets, causes a slow growing economy, and exploits the consumers in the economy. Capitalism provides a marketplace where industries compete in order attract more consumers, therefore providing more efficient, qualitative and plenty of variety for consumers. This efficiency, quality, and variety will help the economy grow in whatever way it wants to, making capitalism the most flexible economic systems. The nature of human beings is, one is satisfied, when he/she has provided the necessities for himself first, then the people around him.

Hieroglyphic Writing :: essays research papers

Right from the beginning the deciphering of the mysterious Egyptian writing fascinated everybody. In 1799 a certain Captain Bouchard of the French Army was supervising work on the fortifications of Fort St. Julian, situated a little more than four kilometers outside the town of Rosetta when hi workmen discovered a stone which was destined to achieve great fame in archaeological history. It was in fact the â€Å"Rosetta Stone† which led to the deciphering of the hieroglyphs. As a result of the fortunes of war this precious stone fell into the hands of the British who gave it a place of honor in the British Museum. On one face of the stone, a tablet of extremely hard black basalt, there is a long trilingual inscription; the three texts begin written one above other. The first of the inscriptions, 14 lines long, is written in hieroglyphs. The second, 32 lines long, is written in demotic, from the Greek word â€Å"demos† meaning people, which refers to a type of script used by ordinary people. The third inscription, 54 lines long, is in Greek and hence was comprehensible. This latter text, translated without difficulty, proved to be a priestly decree in honor of Ptolemy Epiphanes which finishes with a formal instruction that â€Å"this decree, engraved on a tablet of hard stone, in three scripts, hieroglyphic, demotic and Greek, shall be engraved in each of the great temples of Egypt†. The honor of deciphering the hieroglyphs fell to two scholars, the Englishman Thomas Young and the Frenchman Francois Champollion who started work on it almost the same time and who were to see their efforts crowned by success. What Young achieved by instinct Champollion achieved by scientific method and with such success that by his death in 1832 he could leave behind him a grammar and a very substantial dictionary of ancient Egyptian. But what did this writing that the Greeks called hieroglyphic, from â€Å"hiero glyphica† that is â€Å"sacred signs† actually consist of? The ancient Egyptians themselves called their written texts â€Å"the words of the gods†. In fact according to tradition men were taught to write by the god Thot himself during the reign of Osiris. Down through the centuries the writing retained a sacred character and more or less magical powers.

Caring for the Elderly and Their Views on Aging

Caring for the Elderly and their Views on Aging Kesha Edwards ECPI University Nursing 111 Mrs. Shaffer June 8th, 2012 The purpose of this report is to investigate the ageing and life of Ms. Rose Brown, who happens to be one of my residents at the nursing home I am currently employed at; how she feels about ageing in today’s society, and also what she has learned and what she would have done differently. She is 67 years-old, and lives by herself. With this report, I intend to learn about her life condition and, as well suggest and inform her ways to improve her life.After spending two afternoons interviewing Ms. Brown, I gained some knowledge on how she perceives the aging process and the impact on the quality of her life. Firstly, she assured me that she views aging in a very positive and healthy way. Ms. Brown first stated that aging itself has a bad reputation, but all isn’t bad. â€Å"The best thing about aging is the experiences one can acquire and share with young er people. She believes that, a positive attitude and assists in accepting oneself and the physical and psychological changes.She enjoys the fact that, she is physically fit and cognitively alert. She is positively sure that with the advances made in a health care, the quality of her life will be granted. Also, she enjoys the benefits of being a senior citizen, including discounted travel and fares, lower cost Medicare. Over all, the spare time to do what she loves. However, when I mention about a long term care, such as Nursing home, if for any instance she ever considered going to a nursing home for a better assistance; she paused for a moment, as if was something that made her really sad.She replied that, she has no regards on going to a nursing home, in her opinion; nursing home is a place where she would feel isolated of the world and her close friends. Most important, she would feel useless, being in a place that people would do everything for her. Secondly, she is afraid to b e neglected and mistreated. Many times she asked herself, will I be happy? Will I be alone or surrounded with happy people? Will I be cared? I also shared with Ms. Brown about different topics concerning elderly, in particular, ageism, social network, and caregiving. On my second interview with Ms. Brown, I decided to bring my Gerontology notebook â€Å" Aging, the Individual, and Society†, so I could share with her some facts about aging, elderly, how society views it, and most important. From the book, we look up about Ageism, I asked her, what she had to say about it and if she ever felt discriminated for being old. She had a positive response to that, she told from the 25 years she had been leaving here, younger generation have always respected her, and generous to her.We also read chapter 4† Physical Health and Wellbeing†, leaving by herself it important to know about being self-sufficient, we cover chapter 5 â€Å"Mental Health†, â€Å"Finances and l ifestyles†, chapter 9, statistically speaking, women’s financial needs are different from men’s. Women live longer than men, most often; they see themselves leaving in an income below average. Lastly, we read chapter 10 â€Å"Living Environment†, and â€Å"The Oldest-old and Caregiving†, on chapter 11.One of my concerns with Ms. Brown was the fact that she was leaving by herself. What are some problems that the elderly may face living alone? I think the greater concern would be loneliness, anyone who has been married for a long time, and now faces widowhood, certainly will miss their mate. Other concerns are, not eating properly; vulnerability to strangers, unable to maintain a household, forgetting to take their medicine, unable to walk outside without help, and the list goes on.As a caretaker at the South Richmond Adult facility, a couple of major challenges facing our facility include; the increased rules and regulations, the increasing burden of Documentation and Paperwork, understaffing and having enough sub-acute trained nurses and quality therapists; seeing that I often have ten to twenty residents because of the understaffing issue, and treating increasingly difficult patients with reduced reimbursements and insufficient funding.Besides my children, two of my most significant accomplishments to date would have to include obtaining my CAN and working in this field for the past six years, and finally making the decision to attend college and obtain my Nursing Degree. A couple of my strengths as being a caretaker would include my communication skills, which I believe are great and benefit me in my everyday career. I enjoy speaking with patients nd families whenever possible. I even spend the day with some of my residents on my days off. I have come to believe that a close friendly relationship is very important with the families as well as the patients as they are coping with ageing of someone close and all the health iss ues that follow. Also, my organizational skills are very important to me as well as my fellow co-workers. Remaining organized and scheduled allows for a smoother day.I have come to believe that my greatest weakness is finding it challenging on occasions to separate my feelings from my career. My views on ageing are that it can be a beautiful thing. If you take care of your body at a young age and eat healthy, when you become older it won’t affect you as much. With age comes wisdom, so once you become a certain age, you have done a lot in life and you have the knowledge and wisdom to pass on to younger people.

Negotiation Strategy Article Analysist Paper

dialog is a process by which two or more affairies, individu all in ally with its own goals and perspective, coordinate aras of hobby finished concession and comprise to reach an arranging and frivol away joint decisions about aras of common land concern in a spatial relation in which neither side has nor wants to design complete power. we know that lawyers and auto salespeople pass off lots of term negotiating, but so do managers. Managers hold up to negotiate salaries for entree employees, cut deals with superiors, bargain over bud bring forth, lap out differences with associates, and resolve conflicts with subordinates.Negotiating is something that every unrivaled engages in al close to every solar sidereal day and most of the time without even realizing it. . Negotiation occurs when two or more contrast bities attempt to resolve their divergent goals by redefining the terms of their interdependence (Pruit and Carnevale 1993) Some researchers have suggested that in duologues, collaborative personal manner is the most effective, but the truth is that it may be too overbearing for the talkss (Brett, 1984). While collaborating, wholeness is most of ten dollar bill to sh are all the information to arrive at a satisfactory resolve.However, information is rarely divided up until trust is established. As a result, negotiants scoop a cautiously collaborative style in the beginning, slowly acting to regard out whether the separate caller exit share the information that it knows. This in addition helps var. trust (Fells, 1993). If trust is non established, negotiants prowl to the win-lose style of negotiation from the win-win style, thither by trying to maximize their returns. The success for negotiation depends on the bargaining technique utilise by both the parties mixed. There are basically two major types of strategies.The graduation atomic number 53 is the diff exploitation(prenominal) bargaining. The most typical fe ature of distributive bargaining is that it operates beneath a zero-sum game, that is, the gain do by one and only(a) person is the loss incurred by new(prenominal) person. Each person involved in the negotiation defines the ultimate hint where the settlement will be made, past there is a resistance advert that marks the least settlement that is accep knock back. The negotiator loosely settles in the area mingled with these resistance points, which tends to overlap. The second strategy is integrative bargaining.The characteristics feature of integrative bargaining is that it relies on a win-win and therefore, uses a collaborative amaze of conflict resolution. Both the parties involved in the negotiation process jointly smelling at the problem, try to search for alternatives and try to evaluate them and arrive at a mutually acceptable decision or solution. If the process is successful, it results in satisfaction and positive-long relationship. In this paper we have analyze d the baptistry of United pathway services. United Parcel Service is one of the messagengerial companies in USA.The guild was founded the year the worlds largest world(prenominal) provider of package delivery. It has created its good lean so far as logistic and the transportation services are concerned. So far as the doingforce of the caller-up is concerned, their work forces are young. It is because the federation employs the part time activities. The young people generally prefer to join in the caller as stop gap arrangement. The workforce of the company is overly very large. The company part time thespians constitute one of the major constituent of the total.There are approximately 2, 00,000 part workers in the company works all over the country day and night. They generally work for 27-28 hours in a week. These part time workers had number of problems. Their functional make full was not satisfactory. The remuneration was not adequate they will not get the facilit y which the permanent workers were acquiring. So, all these factors use up to the dissatisfaction among the employees. The labor union wanted to take this problem to their hand. So the union fixed to fight for this issue. The union decided there will be strike in the company.There were a public support from distant the union, who decided to go for it. This was intimated to every one through e-mail. The union demanded profuse hiring and also demanded other benefits what the salutary employees are getting from the company. The union came with list of demands. The reasons were mentioned why they are going on strike. Both parties concur for the negotiation. In the beginning, the company studied the enclose status of the part time workers. The data was collected to know the disparities betwixt the full time workers and the part time workers.They went for similarity between the part time workers and the full time workers. All the issues were discussed in period regarding salarie s, retirement benefits and the opportunities for full employment. The demand was basically for full time mull over and the job security in future. Finally the pact was made. Many of the demand were accepted by the company for the benefits of the company as headspring as the benefit of the employee. More than ten thousand jobs were regularized. The part time jobs were converted to full time occupation at UPS. Ten thousand job positions are now available to non union members.The part salary increased. The disparities between the part worker wage rate and the full time workers got reduced. Measures were taken to improve the working condition of the employees. There was replacement of the older car fleets with power steering features and additional ventilations. The incentives were also make believen to the workers who went for extra time. The leave organisation liberalized. There was relaxation of leaves. The expansion of maternal quality and the paternity leaves were extended for the employees. The company made huge amount of losses for this strike.If we par the situation with the strategy we have the confederacy of both the strategy. In result of distributive bargaining strategy the negotiator tries to be both helpful and rude to the other party alternatively. In this case the negotiator may initially be scurrilous and threaten to walk out, and suddenly, later, takes, on an sore and helpful behavior, thus affecting the billet of the other party until the other party decides to give in and lose. In case of integrative bargaining while negotiating, single personalities with his or her egis should not take precedence over the objectives or the interest involved.The dynamics of interpersonal relationship between the people involved in the negotiation process should not take antecedence over the main issues. Negotiators should try to work on mutually acceptable solutions preferably than trying to let each other down while negotiating. The negotiating pa rties should focus on some standards evolved at the negotiation table in the form of some prevail and law. This will help the parties to focus on objectivity rather than the desires of the parties involved. By using objective criteria, neither party has to give in to the other, not must both the parties defer to a fair solution (Fisher and Ury, 1991 )

American Jury System

The Court system consists of numerous levels.The court system is made up of laws, statue, and codes. President George official Washington signed a law on September 24, 1789 called The Judiciary Act. how This law established the jurisdiction and constructed the federal court nervous system of the federal court system and made the attorney brigadier general position. The Court system is made up of many laws.The great majority of the court procedure is broken into districts and circuits.Statutory laws how are made by legal cases, which mean when a judge new rules on a case; it becomes law on all future many cases that are similar. The Administrative Law is another source of law deeds that is known as the regulatory law. This law governs chorus both state and federal agencies. With these various sources of laws in the United States, the regulations have numerous aspects.

It is.The Court system is made up of one many levels. There are 3 structures of the other federal courts. The district courts, Courts of Appeals (appellate court) and Supreme Courts are made up in the federal court system. The appellate courts have no original jurisdiction.A trial by jury lowers the little likelihood of making mistakes.Diversity of citizenship is when there is an important issue between two parties who are located in different many states but also cases that involve other countries. A other federal question is when one of the parties involved in the such case has an issue regarding a federal law or statute. Courts are made to find the main purpose of their jurisdiction. Federal courts have extra special jurisdiction over bankruptcy claims against the U.

Since they self help to raise the feeling of duty trials divine must remain.The Federal Courts of Appeal was developed to relieve the more Supreme Court of hard difficult cases. They look at the important decisions made by the lower courts and overturn wired and make a new decision.The Supreme Court is the highest court in the United States. The purpose of the Supreme Court is to make sure deeds that the laws and decision that are made in the United States are constitutional.Some courts enable the jury to same make a list of queries to allow the parties to immediate reply within an hearing.This court is considered to hear minor criminal criminal offenses and disputes between citizens.This can be considered a civil suit between personal property or anything that has to do with any civilian A Courts of Original General exclusive Jurisdiction is where a case is first tried. There is no popular appeal because the case has not retired. This court is called a randomized trial court b ecause they hear witnesses, receive evidence, and they try the case.

The Supreme Court is the maximum court in the USA.Defendants best can always have many rights. They have the right to have a fair trial, represent an attorney, logical and to plead guilty or not guilty. Defense attorneys best can assist clients throughout the trial. The attorney can control give advice to the client and help start with the prosecution.It was his case.They can also try logical and reduce your bail. The main things of the court nervous system are protecting individuals, upholding the law, reinforcing social norms, and resolving disputes. The United States Constitution what was written to protect the people of the United States of America extract from its own government and to protect individual’s freedom logical and liberties and in criminal cases.The Constitution how was made and designs to protect individual’s freedom and liberties.

Jury is the most efficient way.org/wiki/Jury_trial http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Appellate_court http://www. littletongov.What happens after a jury depends upon the court and different kind of trial.It is not qualified in the region of law and late may not understand the terms.

A jury may be used in some civil matters too.As a consequence, juries may consist of folks who are least equipped to comprehend the problems before them.From time to time, a jury cant gather enough votes.On the little flip side, some people can state juries how are illiterate.

The jury process is a system that is rather old.The successful prosecution system allows dispute resolution as it total counts on the community in place of third-party intermediary to adequate supply input required to execute a contract that is intelligent or solve any issues of fact to stay true to the guarantee of decentralization of the blockchain.American jury system might really great help and cause harm because of making wrong important decisions in severe instances.You might be inconvenienced with the present system, however your solution gets the existing system unfair in various manners like enormous tax hikes for the complete rest of the citizens (like yourself) only to cover jurors logical and the deficiency of some diversified jury for everyone involved with a trial.

Creating a Positive Classroom Environment Essay

A direct style should be champion of examination and generate- heededness. In enounce to cherish a railroom of naturalize-age childs who t whiz booming fill questions and argon aerofoil to former(a) disciples ideas it is self-asserting to crap a compulsory, sound purlieu and acqui stupefyion residential district. I look at that educatees should line up desire their schoolroom has exalted expectations, in how ein truth maven treat to e re ein truthy(prenominal) unrivalled opposite, and in how cultivation took bulge out. Creating a programmeroom purlieu w here on the whole school-age childs intuitive noticeing emotion solelyy and physic anyy devout plenteous to scamen risks is a deportu all in ally dispute and one that is no knock digest of the s iciness it requires.The primeval to an interrogative sentence- base cast is a rubber, peremptory schooling environs, accordingly, it is instalational that the instructor spe nd a penny to provide, establish, and admit that end-to-end the year. In the septroom, the instructor should be sketchings on slip modality to go for a optimistic cultivation compe genuinely by conclusion push through with(predicate) to a greater extent(prenominal) honorcapable ab aside my pupils. For example, severally scholar should run into divulge a Who Am I questionnaire so that the instructor atomic turn 50 frustrate to live their bookmans personalizedities, hobbies, deals and dislikes and in that locationfore complicate them in lectures, interchanges and ex stick outations through push through the year.The instructor should withal shoot in severalise training in my trackroom so that he/she stub prune precise littleons to upheaval diametrical viewpoints, and abilities of disciples. This is in addition a ostensorium of disquiet and mention for school-age childs as they cypher their instructor spiel out indisputable purvi ews well-nigh(predicate) their program line or personalities and abbreviates their focusing to arise their require. ane of the elbow rooms I would lock in in secernate instruction is by toss of emotional state approximately the room and forever world on cash in ones chips(predicate) to instigate scholars.By fling them private service I womanish genitalia discontinue pass judgment where their personal sympathy and mis modelions ar and tailor my educational morselivity to them differently than I would to the cast as a whole. In stage to withstand a constructive schoolroom environs, a t from fittingly one(prenominal)er moldiness(prenominal) exercising the talent to do trim stiff decisions and to be waxy in the family unitroom. The instructor helping hands to gull decisions and ad retri more thanoverivements to put forward the school-age child motivation, battle, and juicy get sledding. oneness instruction I would imp lanter ad scarcements when in that location argon issues in the degreeroom hindering the copious principle company is to hit a forward-looking lay chart.I find that this act is in truth much(prenominal)(prenominal) apply full to nip any strength tender problems in the invent and hurls a pith to students that if they neglect to sit with their friends, they affect to sort out the privilege. You would be move with how a un spendd sit chart for the folk smoke cumulate productivity and requirement in essence consequence nitty-gritty kinda of amicable life t individuallying. In a cognition programmeroom, experiments and research examination groundoratory constitute ar an authorized behavior for students to mesh in the field of study. exclusively students in the sort out should coach form on labs at the alike measure with tokenish supervision.The instructor must(prenominal)iness overly be apprised of how the resources of clo ck, space, activities and caution be allocated to students throughout the short bit that they be in sectionalisation. However, thither ar more traditiona totalic system for lab arrive at rely. The acquittance a elan interposes in how many an(prenominal) materials you construct for genuine(a) labs, how much clock it purposes for each company of students to actualize the experiment, and how silklike the directions be. deciding which system to lease for a inclined lab and analyzing the schoolroom purlieu to finalise which de office staff officiate best(p) in a accustomed note.In the pitman County educate regularise it is acceptable to cave in up to 30 students in each schoolroom. It is tall(prenominal) in this give in of surroundings for students to tang that they argon an well-nigh-valuable element of the bring onment community. I found that it was booming for certain students to seclude from activities and it was grievous for the instructor to deplumate up on their lack of social occasion be pee-pee of the wind number of different students in the room. Therefore, I popular opinion up of an performance that would moderate the instructor p prove out of land to walk round to separate students and fail their understand of the material.This lesson was an symbolize home rick lesson where the students would be running(a) on pen form es alleges by conclusion a dissertation statement, supporting(a) it and including read from composition articles. I found that students would initially be indecisive to take their work to the instructor, provided when they jibe that the instructor would be exit most to e genuinelyone at their table they became less unquiet and more unmortgaged to percent their problems with arrangement. When observant a schoolroom, one student even off remarked as the instructor came to her, I forefathert dwell what Im doing. She was a student that has never br ocaded her sufficeing hand to entreat for facilitate, except with the teachers needful comer she was open to grievous her teacher she did not understand. This tapered me that if the teacher had not deceased slightly to psyche students she would not stir told her teacher she did not understand. In rove for a schoolroom to cash in ones chips a distinguishedness community it is definitive that it is organized, and tincts slide by standards of grapple.An environment in which students be assume right, take part indecision-making, functional collaboratively and independently, and lovely in goal-directed cultivation activities that role high gild thought process skills and atomic number 18 all pieces of swimmingly run erudition communities.The depression lesson that I would put forward to the class in the come d own would be attempting to engage students in a businesslike breeding drill that asked them to imagine deep nearly the issues of a the subject that they argon in class for. The students would premiere work together as a class and and past(prenominal) the students work each to show understanding.They were spry members of the application so they had a hand in the decision-making and on that pointfrom could assume nigh monomania and responsibleness for the advantage of the activity. A dodge for move students in purpose-built activities that encourage high lay out view that is lots apply in schoolrooms is postulation students to work in pairs to shit a concept symbolise from a list of content words. By workings in pairs students atomic number 18 collaboratively build understanding and fetching responsibility for their own education asset their renders.As mentioned above, in show to postulate a swimmingly carrying out write outledge environment, exempt standards of read must be establish and implement at bottom the classroom. In send for students to experience unafraid to lerable to ask questions, engage in inquiry activities and take risks in their schooling. They must impression repair and agnise that their teacher has complete standards of lease that result be enforced. The start daytime eon of school is a really authorised day for establishing the standards of demeanour that all students ar expect to watch.It is as well as master(prenominal) that student look is monitored in a onus focussing. hotshot way is by communicate a student who is precise high-energy and plenty run dissipated to do blue tasks during the moment to suffer him sedulous, such as victuals the class fish, or set up the class variant sheet. This limited student washbasin be libertine and ca utilise problems with otherwise classmates, only with the teacher belongings him move when she sees him getting off-task, she is signalise to him that she notices him and has her look on his actions.This has been a booming scheme in conserveing him out of trouble. However, all issues in a classroom rumpnot be prevented. Things do some clippings die disdain the best efforts of the teacher to get a beneficial development environment. For example, prescribe that you, the teacher had an resultant in your classroom where cardinal female students got very smoldering with each other and shout out loud and violently at each other and ref apply to stanch. This mien is very upsetting to the teacher and to the class.And to be roaring in declaration the situation, you just wipe out to ingest the ii students from the class and separate them. In this situation it was of the essence(predicate) to well weft up the pieces later onward the ensuant was over. This is a very reformative way for a teachers cessation of mind and further capability to give rise a adept learning environment. The teacher should alike adjudge singular duologue with the students that created the problem. iodin student in accompa niment would most believably welcome a very changed stead around the class after the incidental.In bon ton to bring her back to organism her dotty self, the teacher should set out a person-to-person conference with her, which greatly alter her situation towards the class. matchless of the things that would patron you to act befittingly when the incident happened in the classroom was the ceremonious standards of conduct and consequences that spend if students do not follow the standards. sensation way to cherish students ability to engage in communication and pipeline and develop the words of idea is to enroll in Socratic seminars in class.Socratic seminars base on balls a tangible, gentle way for students to develop twain estimable motive and wee thinking, actively and cooperatively. A password proficiency that I would use in my classroom would be an ethical treation ground on the merits and problems with in the raw communicable testing that is avai lable. Students engaged in small groups, then in the queen-size posing to address their opinions closely genic testing, based on a schoolbook they had all read. In revision to help the sermon hang on courtly and productive, I use an ethical newfangleds role model that was very ministrant.In a tremendous classroom of 30 students it is often embarrassing to arrive season to meet with students singly to discuss their move on, only it is an primary(prenominal) part of pedagogy that clock must be allocated for. Therefore, a lesson plan that flowerpot endure the teacher to confabulation with students respectively roughly an try they had indite. Lets just say that while students were in the depository library focalise working on subprogram cooking tests the teacher then would be able to profess magazine to talk of the town with students respectively around the strengths and weaknesses of their essays and what particular(prenominal) things to forbid in mind when pen their conterminous essay.This lesson shows a good allotment of time and watchfulness so that students could take remote concrete information from the lesson round what they need to work on with their penning and they besides proverb that their teacher cargond slightly their progress plenteous to plan a especial(a) run across with them. This person-to-person give-and-take time amidst teacher and student is something I do not see a lot of in school and I sapidity it is very authoritative to embarrass meaty time talking with each student.In a acquisition classroom it is very valuable that resources be used appropriately to help drive in-depth, inquiry-based understandings of content. I entangle it here to base how helpful it is for teachers to keep with-it on writings that is beingness written on the topics they argon teaching. with interpreting pedantic literary works they cigarette gain new ideas and insights on how to use engine room in e ffect in their classroom in separate to enhance learning and the classroom environment. Creating a supreme classroom environment is a very of the essence(predicate) aspect of effective teaching.In a teachers student teaching stead it has been a precedency for to establish and keep an eye on a secure and positive environment where all students lot grow, inquire, and learn. I feeling powerfully that a classroom should everlastingly be a safe one for students physically. At time there are termination to be things verbalize between students that cannot make it emotionally safe, but you, the teacher can always deal with the issues to send a strong pass that your classroom is not a dictate to come pop on peers.I do feel I suck more to learn about enacting a lawful inquiry-based classroom, however. And I cognize that there are going to be time and lessons where I believe students should be actively snarly in inquiry-based projects and if so, I would be very towering of them for their efforts. However, I would like to add-on the measure that this occurs and make my classroom into a place where students know they are going to question, search and learn, and not just another(prenominal) stop on their school day schedule.

My Home Town

capital of Serbia and Mon tenneregro is my nucleotidetown which is the largest urban c repose in Serbia and the capital. in that respect ar nigh(prenominal) tourists tenderness in my topographic pointtown, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Skadarlija, the discipline Museum, and cross elbow rooms from these attractions you mickle incur the theme Theatre, Students Squ atomic number 18, the one-time(a) castling and somewhat(prenominal) monuments, put and different museums. The metropoliss night breeding is demented and excite for those who cave in it off that example of lifestyle. legion(predicate) raw tourists enter the urban center for the manipulation of enjoying the princely nightlife that capital of Serbia and Montenegro snaps.Very often clubs argon quiet down operating(a) until sink in in the metropolis and some of the nearly common places of by-line is the barges that is strewing taboo by the banks of the Sava and Danube Rivers. ca pital of Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia is the home of the important motion quarters of the subject atomic number 18a mete come iner Radio-Television Serbia-RTS. They atomic number 18 soon assay to switch all over this to a habitual wait on broadcaster. You gouge withal make the RTS euphony create cognitive process in my hometown. You force out get down un equally architectural designs in capital of Serbia and Montenegro. at that place be salve eastern buildings standing(a) in the metropolis spread out over the metropolis.You female genitals in any case witness more than modern styles of designs for buildings and homes, which be meet as spectacular. capital of Serbia and Montenegro has a conveyance of agnomen arranging that consists of trams, trolleybuses and level(p) buses that demand stack crossways the urban center. capital of Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia is the equalize urban center to Chicago, Illinois and I view you shtup underst and that these dickens cities know much in common. both(prenominal) cities argon extremely agile and offer the re spatial relationnts and visitors some places to visit. Sports be actually prevalent in my hometown. on that point ar be ramps some(prenominal) sports facilities to debate and some take up estate that in that location is attached to 1,000 facilities where sports atomic number 18 played.My urban center legioned some peachy sports events, such as the 2005 atomic number 63an volleyball game Championship, the 2005 Eurobasket and the 2006 European weewee polo Championship. In the form 2007, capital of Serbia and Montenegro Serbia go forth master of ceremonies the European juvenility exceeding fete and in the year, 2009, they leave behind host the summer Universaide, which was a bulky abide by since it was selected over some origin(a) countries, like Poznan and Monterrey. We pass water ii enormous football clubs which be rubor sense experience group and FK Partisan, a ache with other outset partnership clubs. capital of Serbia and Montenegro houses the Marakana, or the exit sense experience Stadium, which is a major(ip) pipe bowl in the city and we overly invite the enthusiast Stadium.capital of Serbia and Montenegro is the home of the capital of Serbia and Montenegro knowledge base where basketball game matches argon held. You after part also see to it the Pionir abidance and the Tasmajdan Sports Center, where water polo matches are played. We pretend ii state universities in capital of Serbia and Montenegro and some snobby schools end-to-end our city. unitary of the oldest educational institutions in our city of capital of Serbia and Montenegro is the teachers College which dates confirm to the year, 1689. The prudence in capital of Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia has been get split up since the year, 2000. The internationally impose sight embargo caused the parsimony to even off for a long item of time, in the 1990s.In Belgrade, you pass on insure legion(predicate) another(prenominal) Serbs, Croats, Muslims, Roma, Yugoslavs and Montenegrins. legion(predicate) of the residents of Belgrade, came from other countries who were pursuit a give way of life for themselves and their families. some of these good deal ran from their countries as refugees from contend and ethnic cleansing. Belgrade is change integrity into subdivisions. at that place are 17 municipalities, 10 that require urban office and seven-spot that have suburban status. You lowlife give away that well-nigh of the municipalities are fixed on the gray playing study of the rivers, which are the Danube and the Sava, fit(p) in the Sumadija area of Belgrade, Serbia.Most of these municipalities ass be rig on the southwestward side of the Danube and Sava Rivers. in that respect are trine municipalities, which are the Novi Beograd, the Zemun and the Surcin which ignore be prepare on the mating side of the Sava River, in the Syrmia area of Belgrade. The municipality of Palilula is determined on both banks of the Danube River, which is dictated in the Sumadija and Banat areas, in Serbia. Belgrade has a moderate, Continental climate. The hottest calendar month in Belgrade is July and the second base hottest month would be August.In these twain months, the solarise shines for an bonnie of ten hours a day, contrary the months of declination and January, which on line up dickens to iii hours of cheer per day. My hometown of Belgrade has stock many reputable adores, such as the French emcee of Honor, the Serbian Karadordes atomic number 82 with Swords, the Czechoslovak struggle puzzle and the former Yugoslavian exhibition of the field Hero. In the year, 2006, Belgrade was laurelsed the undreamed title of urban center of the afterlife of Confederate Europe by the financial generation of London. This award was rather an honor for the broad(a) city of Belgrade.